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In chemistry, carbonic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. As a dilute solution in water, it is pervasive, but the pure compound, a colorless gas, can only be obtained at temperatures around −80 °C. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water, however in the absence of water, contrary to popular belief, it is quite stable at room temperature. The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing cycle of animals and the acidity of natural waters.
In biochemistry and physiology, the name "carbonic acid" is often applied to aqueous solutions of carbon dioxide, which play an important role in the bicarbonate buffer system, used to maintain acid–base homeostasis.